Electric vehicles have come a long way in recent years, becoming a staple of environmentally conscious driving. However, one area where EVs still face challenges is extreme cold weather. A recent real-world test conducted in Norway—where winter driving is a way of life—revealed some surprising results. Tesla, long regarded as a leader in EV performance, struggled in these icy conditions, while several Chinese EVs outperformed expectations.
Tesla Model 3 Stumbles in the Cold
Twice a year, Norway’s El Prix tests electric vehicles under harsh winter conditions. The latest study, conducted with temperatures ranging from -2°C to -10°C, compared the real-world range of 23 different EV models against the range advertised under WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure) standards. The goal? To see how well EVs perform when snow and freezing temperatures put their batteries to the ultimate test.
The Tesla Model 3 Long Range, known for its impressive reputation, fell short in this trial. Despite its 75 kWh battery, the Model 3 managed only 441 kilometers, a significant drop from its WLTP-rated 629 kilometers. This 30% discrepancy placed it among the weakest performers, trailing just behind the Volkswagen ID.7, which showed a 31.9% difference.
In stark contrast, Chinese EVs proved to be winter champions. The HiPhi Z, a premium sedan less known outside China, achieved an outstanding 522 kilometers on a 120 kWh battery. The difference between its real-world range and WLTP rating was just 5.9%, making it one of the most reliable performers in the test.
The Problem with WLTP Ratings
This Norwegian test highlights a key issue with WLTP standards: they don’t account for real-world variables like extreme cold, heating usage, or the impact of road conditions on battery performance. While WLTP ratings provide a useful benchmark, they can be overly optimistic in harsher climates.
Tesla’s disappointing showing in this winter test is a blow to its reputation for technological dominance. For years, the brand has been synonymous with innovation and performance, but this test suggests it may need to improve its efficiency in cold weather. As competition in the EV market heats up, addressing this gap will be crucial to maintaining consumer trust—especially in markets like Norway, where winter range is a top priority.
Why Cold Weather Challenges EVs
Freezing temperatures pose unique challenges for electric vehicles. Cold weather slows the chemical reactions inside batteries, reducing their ability to store and discharge energy efficiently. Heating the cabin and defrosting windows further drain the battery, leaving less energy available for driving.
Tips for Maximizing Winter Range
For EV drivers facing winter’s chill, these practical tips can help optimize range and battery performance:
- Preheat the Battery and Cabin
Use your car’s app or onboard system to preheat the battery and cabin while the vehicle is still plugged in. Warming the battery improves efficiency, and starting with a warm cabin reduces the need for heavy heating on the road. - Plan Your Route
Opt for the shortest, smoothest routes and avoid hilly or winding roads that consume extra energy. Identify charging stations along your path to avoid range anxiety. - Check Tire Pressure
Cold temperatures can cause tires to lose pressure, increasing rolling resistance and reducing efficiency. Keeping tires properly inflated can save 5-10% of your range. - Practice Eco-Driving
Gentle acceleration, steady speeds, and regenerative braking can help conserve energy. Regenerative braking captures kinetic energy and converts it back into electricity, extending range. - Be Strategic with Heating
Heating the entire cabin consumes significant energy. Instead, use seat or steering wheel warmers, which are more efficient. Wearing warm clothing can also help minimize heating needs. - Park Indoors When Possible
Batteries lose performance when exposed to freezing temperatures for extended periods. Parking in a garage or other sheltered area helps maintain battery efficiency. - Stay Up to Date with Software Updates
Regular updates often include optimizations for battery management and cold weather performance. Keep your car’s software current to benefit from the latest improvements.
What This Means for the EV Market ?
The results of the El Prix winter test could have far-reaching implications for the electric vehicle market. For Tesla, improving its cold-weather efficiency will be crucial to staying competitive, especially in countries like Norway where winter performance matters most. Meanwhile, Chinese manufacturers like HiPhi are proving that they’re not just catching up—they’re setting new standards.
As consumer expectations grow, automakers will need to invest in technologies that enhance battery performance in extreme climates. Features like heat pumps, advanced thermal management systems, and more accurate range estimates tailored to real-world conditions will become increasingly important.
Final Thoughts
The Norwegian winter test serves as a reminder that even the most advanced EVs have room for improvement. While Tesla remains a market leader, its performance in extreme cold suggests that the competition is closing the gap—especially from emerging players like Chinese automakers.
For drivers, the key takeaway is to be prepared. Understanding how cold weather impacts your EV and adopting smart driving habits can make all the difference when winter rolls in. For automakers, the message is clear: winter range isn’t just a luxury—it’s a necessity for the future of electric mobility.
My name is Noah and I’m a dedicated member of the “Jason Deegan” team. With my passion for technology, I strive to bring you the latest and most exciting news in the world of high-tech.